The results of molecular docking and ADME/T studies have revealed 6 constituents as potential drug candidates that can inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human receptor ACE2 protein. The narrowed down list of constituents from Tinospora cordifolia paved way for further tuning their ability to inhibit COVID-19 by modifying the chemical structures and by employing computational geometry optimization and docking methods. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00666-7.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00666-7.3D printing is an evolving technology which has a potential application in the treatment pediatric forearm fractures. Very little has been published with regard to 3D casting in children. We present two cases in which upper extremity fractures in pediatric patients were treated by wearing a custom made 3D printed cast. At latest follow-up at least one year post-injury, the clinical outcomes were excellent. Orthopaedic surgeons may benefit from familiarizing themselves with the potential of 3D printing technology and utilizing its current applications, as well as devising future applications, in clinical practice.Acrometastases are rare and account for approximately 0.1% of metastases. The most common primary cancer site is the lung, followed by colorectal and genitourinary system. We searched PubMed (www. pubmed.com), Google scholar (www.scholar.google.com), Science Direct (http//www.sciencedirect.com), and Springer (http//link.springer.com) databases, using a combination of controlled vocabulary and text word terms and reviewed the last 10 years literature in order to describe demographic trends, anatomical distribution, the most common primary sources of malignancy, and survival rates in the reports of foot metastases. In conclusion 38 cases were included in this review analysis. Lung and genitourinary system were the most frequent primary sites. Forefoot was involved in 71% of all metastases to foot either alone or in combination with other areas of the foot. Calcaneus was involved in about 23% of patients either alone or in combination with other foot bones. There is still some debate regarding the most proper anesthetic technique in minor hand surgeries. We hypothesized that both the WALANT and forearm tourniquet Bier block methods provide effective anesthesia in minor hand surgeries without significant difference. A total of 85 patients consented to participate in this study and were randomized into WALANT and single tourniquet forearm Bier block groups. In WALANT group, patients received adrenaline-contained lidocaine without tourniquet while lidocaine was administered accordingly after applying a forearm tourniquet in Bier group. Due to difference in intervention methods, the study was non-blinded. Need for additional analgesia during surgery, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity during operation and an hour later, amount of bleeding and active hand movements were evaluated and recorded. The need for analgesia and severity of pain (VAS) during surgery and one hour later were significantly less in WALANT group, whereas the amount of bleeding was less in Bier block group. The ability to move hand and fingers during the operation was the same in both groups. Both WALANT and single cuff forearm tourniquet Bier block are effective methods in minor hand surgeries, however, forearm Bier block provides less analgesia and pain control with a drier field than WALANT method.Both WALANT and single cuff forearm tourniquet Bier block are effective methods in minor hand surgeries, however, forearm Bier block provides less analgesia and pain control with a drier field than WALANT method. The prevalence of wide-awake hand surgery using local anesthesia has increased substantially. selleck chemicals The full influence of perioperative factors, namely operating room temperature, on patient comfort during these procedures is presently underreported. One hundred and fifty-eight patients undergoing wide-awake hand surgery using local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled. Surveys with visual analog scale (VAS) were administered after surgery to assess overall patient comfort (OPC) and patient comfort with temperature (TPC). Operating room temperature at the initiation of the procedure, surgery type, duration of surgery, tourniquet use and local anesthetic use were all recorded and their impact on patient comfort analyzed. The VAS used ranged from 1 (least comfortable) to 5 (most comfortable). Across all patients, the mean OPC was 4.7 (Range 2 - 5, SD=0.6) and the mean TPC score was 4.7 (Range 2 - 5, SD=0.6). There were weakly negative correlations between room temperature and VAS score for OPC (r =-0.2, ) and TPC (r =-0.2, ). The mean OPC score was lower with tourniquet use [4.6 (SD=0.7) versus 4.9 (SD=0.4), ]. Patient comfort during surgery using local anesthesia is not substantially affected by operating room temperature. Tourniquet use negatively impacts patient-reported comfort. Continued studies into the optimization of patient comfort during wide-awake hand surgery are warranted.Patient comfort during surgery using local anesthesia is not substantially affected by operating room temperature. Tourniquet use negatively impacts patient-reported comfort. Continued studies into the optimization of patient comfort during wide-awake hand surgery are warranted. To evaluate the relative and absolute reliability of reaction time measuring methods during different conditions in participants with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). 30 patients with PFPS and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. The upper extremity reaction time, upper extremity error rate, involved and non-involved lower extremity braking reaction times, and involved and non-involved knee extension reaction times were measured. Each condition was repeated three times, 2 sessions with a 5-7 days interval. The intra-session reliability was evaluated in three-trial (A), second- and third-trial (B) modes. In addition, the inter-session reliability was evaluated in mode A, mode B, and best score (C) mode. The result of inter-session reliability of mode A showed that all measurements except upper extremity reaction time in PFPS group showed high to very high relative reliability (ICC 0.74-0.94). In mode B, all measurements except non-involved knee extension reaction time in PFPS group showed high to very high relative reliability (ICC 0.

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