Does hypo-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH18/21) have greater in vivo bioactivity that drives follicle development in vivo compared to fully-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH24)? Compared with fully-glycosylated hFSH, hypo-glycosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity, enabling greater follicular health and growth in vivo, with enhanced transcriptional activity, greater activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Glycosylation of FSH is necessary for FSH to effectively activate the FSH receptor (FSHR) and promote preantral follicular growth and formation of antral follicles. In vitro studies demonstrate that compared to fully-glycosylated recombinant human FSH, hypo-glycosylated FSH has greater activity in receptor binding studies, and more effectively stimulates the PKA pathway and steroidogenesis in human granulosa celosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity enabling greater follicular health and growth without exaggerated estradiol production in vivo, demonstrate the potential for its development for application in human ART. This work was supported by NIH 1P01 AG029531, NIH 1R01 HD 092263, VA I01 BX004272, and the Olson Center for Women's Health. JSD is the recipient of a VA Senior Research Career Scientist Award (1IK6 BX005797). This work was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872352). The authors declared there are no conflicts of interest.This work was supported by NIH 1P01 AG029531, NIH 1R01 HD 092263, VA I01 BX004272, and the Olson Center for Women's Health. JSD is the recipient of a VA Senior Research Career Scientist Award (1IK6 BX005797). This work was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872352). The authors declared there are no conflicts of interest. US preterm-birth rates are 1.6 times higher for Black mothers than for White mothers. Although traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may increase the risk of preterm birth, evaluating its effect on preterm birth and disparities has been challenging because TRAP is often measured inaccurately. This study sought to estimate the effect of TRAP exposure, measured at the street level, on the prevalence of preterm birth by race/ethnicity. We linked birth-registry data with TRAP measured at the street level for singleton births in sampled communities during 2013-2015 in Oakland and San Jose, California. Using logistic regression and marginal standardization, we estimated the effects of exposure to black carbon, nitrogen dioxide and ultrafine particles on preterm birth after confounder adjustment and stratification by race/ethnicity. There were 8823 singleton births, of which 760 (8.6%) were preterm. Exendin4 Shifting black-carbon exposure from the 10th to the 90th percentile was associated with 6.8%age point higher risk of preterm birth (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 13.5) among Black women; 2.1%age point higher risk (95% confidence interval = -1.1 to 5.2) among Latinas; and inconclusive null findings among Asian and White women. For Latinas, there was evidence of a positive association between the other pollutants and risk of preterm birth, although effect sizes were attenuated in models that co-adjusted for other TRAP. Exposure to TRAP, especially black carbon, may increase the risk of preterm birth for Latina and Black women but not for Asian and White women.Exposure to TRAP, especially black carbon, may increase the risk of preterm birth for Latina and Black women but not for Asian and White women. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and risk of cancer in young adults. We utilized data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative US telephone-based survey to identify participants in the age group of 18-55 years who reported a history of ASCVD. These patients were defined as having premature ASCVD. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to study the association between premature ASCVD and cancer including various cancer subtypes. Between 2016 and 2019, we identified 28 522 (3.3%) participants with a history of premature ASCVD. Compared with patients without premature ASCVD, individuals with premature ASCVD were more likely to be Black adults, have lower income, lower levels of education, reside in states without Medicaid expansion, have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and had delays in seeking medical care. Individuals with premature ASCVD were more likely to have been diagnosed with any form of cancer (13.7% vs 3.9%), and this association remained consistent in multivariable models (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 2.08 [1.72-2.50], P < 0.01); this association was significant for head and neck (21.08[4.86-91.43], P < 0.01), genitourinary (18.64 [3.69-94.24], P < 0.01), and breast cancer (3.96 [1.51-10.35], P < 0.01). Furthermore, this association was consistent when results were stratified based on gender and race, and in sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching. Premature ASCVD is associated with a higher risk of cancer. These data have important implications for the design of strategies to prevent ASCVD and cancer in young adults.Premature ASCVD is associated with a higher risk of cancer. These data have important implications for the design of strategies to prevent ASCVD and cancer in young adults. In this international Multi-Laboratory Trial (MLT) the precision data and the accuracy of the ISO/CD 22184 IDF/WD 244 analytical method for the quantification of 6 different mono- and disaccharides (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose) in milk and milk products with high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) are established. Thirteen different laboratories participated (located in New Zealand, the United States, and Europe). The study was divided into two parts. First, the learning/familiarization part in which the participants got experienced with the method. After successfully completing this part, the participants were allowed to continue with the second part of this trial the analyses of the seven blind MLT duplicate samples. The selected seven MLT samples comprise five MUVA reference dairy samples, one NIST-certified infant formula and one industrial sample. In the Tables S-1 to S-6 the results of this MLT study have been summarized per sugar.

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