Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PCa) has a high incidence of metastasis with common secondary site locations. Our case report describes a rare metastatic site of PCa infiltrating bilateral testicles in the absence of definitive radiologic evidence. Following the patient's consent and IRB exemption, we report the clinical, radiological, and pathological presentation of the patient treated at our institution. We also conducted an inclusive literature review of PCa with bilateral testicular metastases. Our patient is a 54-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with lower urinary tract symptoms and failure to void. A full workup including digital rectal examination, PSA (580 ng/ml), and a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy performed afterward revealed an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The metastatic workup at presentation was negative. After failure to comply with treatment guidelines, the patient was referred back to us with bilateral testicular masses. Without clear evidence of the origin of the masses, bilateral orchiectomy was performed, and pathological analysis confirmed it was metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Post-orchiectomy, the patient was again lost to follow up. Three years later the patient returns and placed in palliative care. This case report highlights that PCa can have a highly variable course and progression can occur in the absence of adherence to treatment. Any evidence of disease relapse and clinical suspicion of metastasis should be investigated, especially in patients with advanced and metastatic disease or poor adherence to surveillance protocol.This case report highlights that PCa can have a highly variable course and progression can occur in the absence of adherence to treatment. Any evidence of disease relapse and clinical suspicion of metastasis should be investigated, especially in patients with advanced and metastatic disease or poor adherence to surveillance protocol.Chronic infection, especially in the setting of obstruction like calculous disease, may result in the fistula tract development of fistula tract from kidney to the other proximal organs. However, nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare complication, and the primary cause of its development is previous surgical intervention, trauma, or malignancy. Our case was a 26-year-old Afghan man with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) resulted in spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Our case shows that previous surgery is not the only cause of fistula. After surgery, he presented with secondary enterocutaneous fistula due to surgery or chronic underlying inflammation. After systemic antibiotic therapy and total parenteral nutrition, he became well and discharged from the hospital. As a result, XGP is a rare subtype of chronic pyelonephritis that requires immediate evaluation and early diagnosis. Patients should be considered for possible complications such as fistulas. Physicians should be aware of this issue for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Sperm selection without - or with a low level of - protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation is a remarkable indicator to increase the success rate of ICSI outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare sperm selection methods in the elimination of sperm with protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation and their effects on ICSI Outcomes in oligoteratzoospermia patients. Semen samples were obtained from oligoteratozoospermia patients undergoing ICSI. Sperm selection was conducted using Zona Pellucida (ZP) binding, Hyaluronic Acid (HA) binding, and conventional PVP methods. SCD assay and CMA3 staining were used for the detection of sperm protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation. Good quality of the embryo, blastocyst formation, chemical, and clinical pregnancy rates among studied groups was evaluated and compared. Our results indicated the percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were lower significantly in the HA- and ZP-bound sperm. Although no significant differences were observed in the fertilization rate among studied methods, good quality of cleavage embryo rates were increased using ZP and HA methods versus the conventional PVP method. However, there were no significant differences in cleavage and embryo quality between the HA compared to the ZP method. Blastocyst formation, chemical and clinical pregnancy rates increased in the HA method. Overall, the HA method for sperm selection due to high sensitivity in selecting sperm with a low level of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency is a very useful method to increase the success rate of ICSI outcomes in oligoteratozoospermia patients.Overall, the HA method for sperm selection due to high sensitivity in selecting sperm with a low level of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency is a very useful method to increase the success rate of ICSI outcomes in oligoteratozoospermia patients.Transureteroureterostomy (TUU) is a urinary reconstructive procedure seldom used but has a role when conventional reconstructive techniques are not possible. However, the concern is whether it places the opposite, non-diseased ureter and kidney at risk. Hence a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate indications, methods, and outcomes of transureteroureterostomy in children. The study included seven children who underwent TUU between January 2011 and December 2015. The mean age of the study group was 4.5 ± 2.9 years. Six (86%) patients were males. Two patients had primary bladder diverticulum, two posterior urethral valves, two cases of vesico-ureteric reflux, and one had a persistent urogenital sinus. All patients presented with recurrent urinary tract infections. Three (43%) patients had bladder outlet obstruction. Four (57%) patients underwent left to right TUU with right ureteric reimplantation. Two (29%) patients underwent an additional procedure. No complications were found. The key to a good outcome in TUU is case selection. Surgical technique plays a very important role in ensuring good long-term outcome without compromising the normal moiety.The mechanisms of 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenol-based bifunctional probe (HBT-FS) for detecting fluoride (F-) and sulfite (SO3 2-) based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) have been theoretically studied. Laplacian bond order of HBT-FS indicates that the F- ion cleaves the Si-O bond and then forms Compound 2 possessing a six-membered ring with a hydrogen bond. Potential energy curves and dynamic simulations confirm that ESIPT in Compound 2 occurs along with this hydrogen bond and forms a keto structure with an emission at 623 nm, which agrees with the observed experimental value (634 nm) after adding F-. Imlunestrant Therefore, the fluorescence red-shift (from 498 to 634 nm) of HBT-FS observed in experiment after adding F- is caused by ESIPT. The SO3 2- ion is added to the C5 site of HBT-FS, which is confirmed by orbital-weighted dual descriptor, and then forms Compound 3 with fluorescence located at 404 nm. The experimentally measured fluorescence at 371 nm after adding SO3 2- is assigned to Compound 3.

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